.

Tuesday, April 30, 2019

EARLY US HISTORY Bacons Rebellion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EARLY US HISTORY Bacons Rebellion - Assignment ExampleI have espouse to understand the changes that major events such as Bacons Rebellion have brought to Virginia. The history of this place is genuinely interesting as it will help you understand major events that took place here and appreciate Virginia more.I have come to understand life here in Virginia very differently. In colonial Virginia, tribe used to suffer from a lot of problems such as high taxes and low prices for tobacco. The colonial time were very difficult for many people in Virginia. Those who got along well with the governor during those years, Sir William Berkeley, got special privileges, which was quite unfair to the rest of the people. These privileges were irregular because they were only accorded to those who were close to the governor. The governor also appeared to have failed in reason the region against the frequent attacks by Native Americans. These attacks led to mass deaths, as well as ample loss of property. The region was characterized by a dis make political framework. Berkeley did not do enough to push-down storage with the safety of the people he was in charge of protecting.The Bacons rebellion was a revolt organized by Nathaniel Bacon in 1976 in colonial Virginia to protest against the problems that were being experienced in Virginia at that time. Bacon was resolved to bring the rule of Governor Berkeley to an absolute end. His efforts were aimed at bringing to the attention of the government the fact that every last(predicate) social classes needed to be treated equally and with dignity. Bacons rebellion led to a demote Virginia that is seen today. The region had serious problems of racism which saw the blacks and whites engaged in constant conflicts. However, during the rebellion, the blacks and whites joined hands to argue the rule of Governor Berkeley. The ruling class was really threatened by this unity because it was something that had

Monday, April 29, 2019

Accounting + Finance - auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting + Finance - canvasing - Essay Example analyse concentration with big 4 is a globalised issue. An analysis of auditor concentration among G8 economies revealed a high of 99% in Italy, followed by UK (98%), the US (97%), Canada 96%, and Russia (90%). Japan revealed a lower auditor concentration of 84%- while the reasons are unknown, increased activity is occurring in the Japanese audit securities industry owing to PwC bend down their affiliates earlier this year. Relatively lower concentration in Germany (83%) cannot be attributed to any particular cause, whereas G8s lowest concentration levels in France (61%) are largely due to the implementation of French joint- auditing regulations which were imposed in 1966. Across G8 the super 4 firms accounted for an average of 91% of the market. (Grant Thornton LLP, 2008)1.The 98% concentrated UK large audit market can further be divided into two segments first segment is of FTSE vitamin C and FTSE 250 companies, and the other s egment is of smaller listed companies. The concentration of large audits is evidenced by the fact that segment of FTSE 100 and FTSE 250 are supplied audit services almost exclusively by wide-ranging Four, which audit all but one FTSE 100 companies, and 242 FTSE 250 companies. The other segment of market- smaller listed companies- is supplied by both the Big Four and mid- tier firms. Even here, the Big Four individually have significantly higher market shares than mid- tier firms. (Oxera, page iv)2Quantum wise bigger audit assignments are only a small portion of total audit market in UK, and 98% of this section of total pool of audit work is concentrated with Big 4 firm. The Big four (Ernst & Young, KPMG, PricewaterhouseCoopers, and Deloitte) have an advantage because the reputation and depth of resources of big firms put them in a inviolable position to mitigate the agency and costly contracting costs that are increasingly

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Law of evidence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of evidence - Case subject area ExampleWe have been told that in the question that the judge has already given a direction that, consistent to section 34 of the criminal justice and cosmos Order make believe 1994, a proper proof could be put onn from Billys silence at interview. If this is allowed to continue without being challenged in apostrophize the effect of it result be that the court willing allowed to infer what is proper from Billys silence at the court where he has failed to discover his epileptic state and the particularum of the argument he had with the deceased prior to the death.However at this point we have not been told whether he was placed under a caution or not. This is important because Section 34 solely applies where an interview under caution takes place, so the court will not be able to draw an inference if for example Billy had declined an invitation to attend an interview under caution. In the case of R v Argent1,the Court of Appeal was of the opinion that six criteria had to be met before such a direction could be given.In Billys case that would beAccording to the case of R v Milford2,the phrase in the circumstances will be interpreted to take into account the time of the interview and the mental and physical state of Billy. This completely could be a basis of appeal as Billy can base his silence on his epileptic state. However the facts point out that he remained quiet base on his solicitors advice. A meaty part of the discussion is thus devoted to this fact and whether the court will take silence based upon the Solicitors advice into account. It was also noted in the case of R v Milford 3 fact will be denoted its literal meaning based on any premises and explanations that the Billy could give for his involvement in the allegation of murder which could convict or absolve or mitigate his liability.In this regard it is price noting that the recent case law does not support his grounds of appeal.In the case of R. v Lowe (Paul) 4the appellant appealed by way of reference by the Criminal Cases Review Commission under the Criminal Appeal Act 1995 s.9 against the dismissal of his appeal5 against conviction it has held that the judges direction to the panel in relation to the application of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 s.34 could not be appealed despite the fact that the judge had wrongly summed up to the jury that the defendant was under no obligation to answer any questions and that he had a right to silence, and the fact that he appeared to have been indicating to the jury that silence in interview should allow the jury to draw obstinate inferences from the silence.It will have to be seen in Billys case then that the only way out for this appeal ,basing my advice on the ratio of Argent (Brian)6

Saturday, April 27, 2019

The No Child Left Behind Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The No Child left(a)over Behind Act - Essay ExampleHowever, for near students, the noble idea of not leaving a child behind has not yet been taken seriously with the general public and a rotary of educational systems which includes special education. Furthermore, the progressions of credentials, assessment, categorization, placement, and instruction have truly meant to put down their cultural and linguistic differences. With that, it is manifest that school systems overlook multiculturalism and diversity especially in educational intervention, where the minority students be placed, which means children are left behind (Obiakor 2000).Unfortunately, there are some political figures that believe the no child left behind program does not work because minority groups in school systems cover forty percentage of the student body and there are lack resources and accommodations for them to learn on an even level with the other(a) students. This creates a major problem with these chil dren learning properly and effectively, which indicates that that number of the growing diversity is being ignored.In fiscal years 2002 through the current 2004, coitus authorized between $26.4 one million million and $32 billion to be spent on the No Child Left Behind initiative. While Bushs budget signal rose in each of those years, it still fell far short of the authorization. And in the past 2 fiscal years, the presidents request of about $22 billion was less than what Congress had appropriated the year before. Both years, Congress provided more than Bush requested. Critics also say that the way the No Child Left Behind federal grading system works isnt fair in some cases because it requires yearly progress not honest from a school but from every subgroup of students, including those with disabilities or ones who speak English as a randomness language (Bush stumps for No Child Left Behind).The growing number of infants and toddlers of minority groups is increasing every y ear. Below consists of some statistics that sheds light on the issues, which needs to addressed immediately by educators and families of minority older children, infants and toddlers (Diversity in premature Childhood Intervention Leadership Current Facts and Challenges).The U.S. Department of Education (2003a) found that 38.8% of public school students were minorities in 2000, up from 29.6% in 1986. In addition, the number of students who spoke a language other than English at home rose from 6.3 million in 1979 to 13.7 million in 1999 (U.S. Department of Education, 2003b). Minority teachers, on the other hand, accounted for only 13% of the faculty. The number of ethnically and linguistically diverse students is continuing to grow. By the year 2005, children and adolescents of tint will make up as much as 40% of the U.S. youth population.Schools with high concentrations of foreboding(a) and Hispanic students uniformly have the most teachers with the least experience and the least qualifications for the subject they teach.Infants and toddlers ages birth to 2 who are served under IDEA, Part C, reflect the growing diversity of the U.S. The children represented are African-American (15%), Hispanic/Latino (18%), Asian/Pacific Islander (4%) and American Indian/ Alaskan (1%).Special education teachers who served generally students ages 3-5 classify themselves as Asian (2%), Black (5.8%), White (90%) and other (2%). 6.4% consider themselves Hispanic and 93.6% do not.young people from the least well off demographic groups form a

Friday, April 26, 2019

Implications of Health Economic Concepts for Healthcare Coursework

Implications of wellness Economic Concepts for Health perplexity - Coursework ExampleIn the health make do, accesses to medical go are always on eminent demand. However, there is a shortage of medical practitioners who can help in treating people (Edwards, 2001). This has an answer of increasing the medical costs that entrepreneurs will charge. This is because there is a shortage of medical practitioners, and the demand is naughty for the services of these practitioners. A nonher example is on generic drugs. Because of the many and great supply of these drugs, they are trashy when compared to the original version of these drugs (Ko, 2013).The law of supply and demand denotes that when supply is high, then the prices of the products will be low. The experiences of a variety of health care organizations are able to demonstrate the fact that the demand of health care services is not insatiable, and they are predictable. It is possible to predict the advice, appointment, or the m essage of a health care service provider, basing on time, population, and scope of the practice of the provider (Dalton, 2012). It is possible to anticipate periods of low or high demand by analyzing the demand data that is collected, based on the requests recorded in electronic health registers, or accounting books. An health care system can use these predictions for purposes of matching the supply of its services to the various needs of patients for a particular service (Lee and Kim, 2012).Most people believe that the demand for health care services is inelastic. For example if a person is sick, then he or she will not be very sensitive to price. A person suffering from malaria, typhoid, etc, will pay the price of medical treatment, irrespective on whether it is low, or high. However, the exception to this principles or rules touches on the purchase of eye glasses, plastic surgery, elective surgery, etc. These are considered luxurious health care services, and it is only for the p reserve of the rich (Dalton, 2012). In

Thursday, April 25, 2019

The Gothic Imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Gothic mood - Essay ExampleGothic literature was named for the apparent influence of the dark gothic architecture of the hitch on the genre. Also, many of these Gothic tales took places in such gothic surroundings, sometimes a dark and surging castle as shown in Mary Wollstoncraft Shellys Frankenstein, or Bram Stokers inhistoried Dracula (Gothic).The American critical theorizer Eve Sedgwick has been a chief contributor to the idea of Gothic imagination. To understand the term Gothic let us note that there is a great relation between Gothic and romance. As Sedgwick, in The Coherence of Gothic Conventions which studies the relationship between Gothic conventions and the ways in which its practitioners use language and organise narrative, remarks, Gothic has not been the supplest of terms. (Sedgwick 1986) An analysis of the popular novels, The Castle of Otranto, Frankenstein, and Dracula would give the best idea of what a Gothic Novel is. This is a discussion directed towards the same.The writers begin with Horace Walpole in his The Castle of Otranto through the famous writers like Mrs. Radcliffe, M G Lewis, Mary Shelley, Maturin, Melville, Faulkner, and Stoker have dealt with the elements of what is now termed the Gothic literature. Their works form the readers to world of sublimity and great imagination. Their Gothic novels attempt to douse the reader in an extraordinary world in which ordinary standards and moral judgments become meaningless and good and evil are seen as inextricably intertwined. Gothic writing is closely related to romantic both are the product of a profound response against everyday reality and conventional religious explanations of existence. But while romantic writing is the product of organized religion in an ultimate order, Gothic writing is a gloomy exploration of the limitations of man (Hume 1969). Thus many of the Gothic considerations come to our discussion. The genre of Gothic fiction merges the elements of both romanc e and horror. This literary tradition has its beginning with Horace Walpoles novel The Castle of Otranto which came out in the year 1764. As the introductory essay of Three Gothic Novels remarks, a reader familiar with the Gothic novels of the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century will easily recognize in them themes and proceedings which were stock-in-trade of the tales of terror (Fairclough et al 1968. p. 7). The finding out of the beauty in elements of terror itself changed the concept of the literary appreciation. The discovery of Horror as the source of delight reacted on mens actual conception of beauty itself the Horrid, from being the category of the Beautiful, became eventually one of its essential elements, and the beautiful horrid passed by carnal degrees into the horribly beautiful (Fairclough et al 1968. p. 10). The examples of the novels show that the gothic genre is especially noted for its appeal of terror and mystery and it cannot be s mothered. The Gothic novel is defined not by its stock devices-ruined abbeys and the like-but by its use of a particular atmosphere for essentially psychological purposes (Hume 1969). The Gothic novels of the writers like Walpole, M G Lewis, Mary Shelley, Melville, Faulkner and others submerge the readers in a world where ordinary standards and ethical conclusions are

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Call it what ever you like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Call it what ever you like - Essay ExampleSummary of the conclusions of the condition Interpersonal communion has a direct influence on culture development. Open and clear communion betwixt people forms the basis for good and strong public relations. The interpersonal relationships between the politicians have a major influence on the behavioral culture of the electors. The interpersonal intercourse between politicians processs to depress the voter turnout, through influencing the military positions of the voters, since the controversy raised by the interpersonal communication affects the informational gains of the voters. The disagreements of the politicians make it hard for the voters to decide which troupe to support (Hopmann, 265). hence, it is apparent that interpersonal communication has a direct influence on the culture of the people, establish on the techniques and skills applied in the communication. Where there seems to be disagreement and ineffective interperson al communication between the politicians, which focuses on attainting each others policy-making parties at the expense of disseminating gainful information, there is a huntency to generate a culture of voter apathy (Hopmann, 282). On the other hand, where there is effective interpersonal communication, based on disseminating the individual and party political ideologies to the people, the voter motivation and positive attitude is enhanced. The conflict arising from the controversy of words and the disagreements between the voters serves to cause the disapproval of the voters party of election, which in turn influences the political behavior and political attitudes of the people. Studies have shown that citizens tend to identify with the political network that supports their ideologies and lifestyle (Hopmann, 267). However, the controversy created by the interpersonal communication between the politicians, serves to erode the information gains that such citizens would have reaped from the discussion of the parties ideologies, since the controversy seeks to discredit each others party pledges, at the expense of informing the citizens on the ideologies that the parties stands for. The citizens then tend to avoid controversies and thus opt out of the communication tussle between the politicians. Ineffective interpersonal communication is the basis for influencing the social pressure in a negative way. The application of good interpersonal communication skills, which amounts to diverging and disseminating gainful information to the public, constitutes a positive political behavioral attitude towards party and candidates choice decision-making (Hopmann, 278). The ineffective interpersonal communication techniques serve to influence the attitudinal effect of the voter decision and their behavioral effects. Thus the fundamental conclusion of this article is that the application of poor interpersonal communicational skills and techniques does not only serve to ruin the relationship of the two individuals holding a conversation, but also the third parties, who may be interested, or affected by the interpersonal relationship in any way (Watzlawick, 57). This draws a jibe relationship between the interpersonal communication and the social context, where the nature of the interpersonal communication applied, and the context where it is applied, has a great influence on the impacts that such a communication is likely to make. Argument in

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Philosophy of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Philosophy of education - adjudicate ExampleAristotle strongly believed that education has a potential to make a person live a happy life as it is through education that he learns to acquire, develop and evolve different virtues in life. Hence, he was of opinion that schooling should be provided publicly and should follow one method for all muckle in the society. Moreover, Aristotles belief that only that person who has better judgment, thoughtful observation and purpose in life is the happiest person, is true to a great extent as these are the qualities that helps in flowering tender beings personality and making him achieve his highest potential. Hence, it is extremely important to consider education as a pillar of human happiness and not just a means of gaining a power. However, Aristotles belief that education should be one and the same for all is not applicable in todays time.Science has evolved and developed to a great extend and has proved that different children save dif ferent intelligences and hence, need to be taught in different ways. I believe in this theory and would kindred to integrate it in future, if I get an opportunity to go bad a teacher. I aim to become a teacher and make learning in schools a joyful and fulfilling experience for children, as it was do for me by my teachers.I was fortunate to have inspirational and encouraging teachers in school. I loved expiry to school and enjoyed learning from my teachers. They have inspired me to aim for becoming an excellent teacher and contribute in building a strong educational foundation for children. While exploring different studies in the field of educational psychology, I came across some interesting ideas in articles by John Staddon and David Geary.John Staddon has pointed out that activity of Skinners methods of positive reinforcement and operant behavior conditioning to the field of education, is not substantially for development of children. This is because the method of operant b ehavior

Monday, April 22, 2019

Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Outline - Essay ExampleA romance begins with flirtation, and is initiated by oral contact. When the attracted individuals have initiated contact and decide to pursue the romance they get into a deeper relationship characterized by run and commitment, more personal communication, more expressions of affection like giving of tokens, enhancement of personal appearance, social occasion with the partners family and friends, sexual intimacy, and behavioral adaptation.The researcher is aware that such concepts are not advantageously measurable hence, the information/data for this research would come from research literature and experiences shared by couples in romantic relationships. A set of questions related to the research questions posted shall be drawn up to be asked of the couples via questionnaires or interviews. A qualitative comparative analysis shall be done using the data gathered.III. Constructs The following(a) constructs are the base understanding of the researcher. It is one goal of this paper to gain more clarification of these constructs as culled from research and information from the interviews and questionnaires.Dating- the coming together of two people to spend time with one an opposite(prenominal) for the purpose of getting to know each other and to gauge if a relationship might maybe develop from the time spent one-on-one with each other. Dating is part of romance.Romantic Relationship A relationship involving two people attracted to each other and bonded by love, intimacy and commitment. Each partner does things for the other to make him or her more attracted and amorous to each other and to deepen the relationship further.Intimacy -This education will adopt Moss and Schwebels (1993) definition of intimacy Intimacy in enduring romantic relationships is set(p) by the level of commitment and positive affective, cognitive and physical closeness one

Scientic psychology cannot live with folk psychology and cannot live Essay

Scientic psychological science cannot live with kinfolk psychological science and cannot live without it - Essay ExampleFolk psychology formulates people actions in terms of their goals tho scientific psychology explains actions of individuals based on what leads them to undertake these actions. Despite the distinction scientific psychology excuse has some normative aspects and for this crusade cannot live without folk psychology.Folk psychology has been challenged by scientific psychology and this is based on how folk psychology results ar achieved, in most cases folk psychology results ordain conflict with results of scientific psychology. For this argue therefore it is very difficult to choose which results best explain kind behavior, due to conflicting results of the two disciplines scientific psychology tend to criticize the results of folk psychology and for this reason scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology.Folk psychology assumes that people already know wherefore they tend to believe in their actions and why they take these actions, according to scientific psychology people ar not aware of why they take certain actions, this is a conflict of assumption and therefore it is unembellished that scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology. fit in to Stephen Stitch it is possible to undertake scientific psychology without folk psychology where he gave an example using beliefs. ... gave an example of a day that had rained and the two characters X and Y are asked to narrate on what had happened, X said that the day had rained very heavily and Y said that it did not rain very heavily. He posed the question who of the two individuals was telling the truth, stock-still Stephen Stitch said that these two persons may telling the truth but it depends on their understanding and observations on the way they have learned from the groups, that is family or friends on how they belief in a particular aspect. According to J.B Watson it is possible to identify someones behavior at his or her current age as long as he or she is not in the childhood age but it depends on how the person behaves and socializes. For this reason therefore Watson verifies that it is only necessary to study the persons behavior without taking into consideration believes of the individuals, in his statement he states that it is possible for scientific psychology to live without folk.Folk Psychology assumes that an individual can directly explain the different feelings they experience, this is to say that individuals are well aware of what they feel and why they feel it, on the otherwise hand scientific psychology agues that individuals feeling are based on the inferences about changes in what they are undergoing. For this reason therefore there is a conflict of assumptions that people are ware of their feelings and for this reason twain disciplines will yield different results, for this reason therefore scientific psychology cannot liv e with folk psychology. wherefore scientific psychology cannot live without folk psychologyDespite the many reasons why scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology it is evident that scientific psychology cannot live without folk psychology, folk

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Social Movement Theory, The Explanatory Value of Social Movement Case Study

Social Movement Theory, The Explanatory Value of Social Movement Theory - strip Study ExampleThe root cause for the existence of social movement has been deciphered to be vexation and isolation within society. People recognise together to form collective associations only because they are non able to dwell within society in a stable and peaceful manner. Islamic activism in the Middle East is one of the main forms of such discomfort because it has brought to light the kind of violence and terrorist act that a group of people are subjecting to in the name of God.This social movement theory helps individuals to come to terms with their wants and needs and form organizations and societies among their own with a view to achieving all that they desire without getting into conflicts with others. However, this has not been as successful as writers and thinkers would have liked, and proof of that is the violence that has been suppressing the Middle East.In order to render the key concep ts of this theory, one must gauge into the semipolitical sphere within which the movement develops every political atmosphere contains a very dynamic interest and consists of government intervention whether positive or negative, constraints on the people, and challenges that need to be faced by the people forming the organization. Similarly, the concept of Intifada had also been incepted within a very politically and economically exploited environment due to the unbearable lifestyle that Palestinians were forced to function under the purview of.Anwar Al-Awlaki for example, became the face of Western Jihad because of the tensions that were going on in Egypt. He took on a form of his own movement with a view to make progress within his land and try and surmise the demands that the already powerful aspects of society had.It is not an easy task to simply blow out every wrong doing that occurs in society. This is directed towards these social groups that take to violence and terror w hen their

Saturday, April 20, 2019

The US foreign policy from 1945-1991 Case Study

The US foreign policy from 1945-1991 - fountain Study ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that the term ice-cold War was coined by Pulitzer prize-winning publicist Herbert Bayard Swope and refers to the intense feelings of hostility and the profound international tension and struggle for power between the the ground forces and then the USSR, both of which headed formidable alliances i.e. Allies and Russian satellites, respectively. It started in 1945 and ended in 1989. It was cold because the relations between the two superpowers were icy but never came to a flashpoint verging on a crack war. The conflict involved political rivalry and advantage as well as an upper impart in the balance of power. The conflict was replete with clashes of competing ideologies i.e. between the democratic capitalist system of America and its associate and the socialist/communist system of the USSR and the satellite nations comprising the nations of the Warsaw Pact. The rivalry consi sted of propaganda, military alliances, atomic arms development, reconstructive memory programs and the rivalry to win the hearts and minds of the neutral countries, most especially the third world countries which might turn in military bases, natural resources, and markets. As early as 1929, the ground forces and the USSR had kept each other at bay and at arms length despite differences in political ideologies. This estrangement was intensified by the USAs policy of isolationism in the 1930s which muted whatever feelings of mistrust they had for each other. But relations were improved when the USA and the Soviet Union unexpectedly found themselves fighting side by side against fascist Germany in demesne War II. The warm relations, however, rapidly dissolved when midway through the war, the USA realized that the USSR was determined to bump all the territories in Eastern Europe that it lost prior to World War I and these ar eastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and parts of Romania and Finland. It became clear to USA that Stalin in his paranoid fear of Germany and its military might urgency all of Eastern Europe to serve as its buffer states and shields from German aggression. President Roosevelt stressed that USA as adherent of the principle of self-determination wanted these states to choose for themselves the kind of government they want. The other western sandwich allies looked at Poland as strategically the bulwark of Europe which when falling into the hands of the Soviets would open the floodgates of Russians invade Western Europe. The US fears were vindicated during the 1943 Teheran multitude when Stalin finally laid his cards on the control panel that he expected territorial concessions in the form of the states of Eastern Europe. Justice, to Stalin demanded that Russia be recompensed from the deaths of 16 million Russians and the monumental destruction and damage to Soviet properties and machinery during the first three years of war. It dawned on President Roosevelt that reality, tradition and annals dictated that self-determination among the eastern European states would be anathema to Russia as any freely elect government in Eastern Europe would be hostile to Soviet ideology. Both the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference in 1945 further strained the relations almost to the breaking point as Russia treacherously make out up a communist government in Lublin, Poland followed by its undermining of elected non-communist governments in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. It was inevitable that the Cold War ensued in early 1946 after Berlin and Germany were divided into 4 factions i.e. Russian, American, British and French.

Friday, April 19, 2019

Professional developement plan nursing career 5 yrs from now Essay

Professional developement plan breast feeding career 5 yrs from now - Essay ExampleI am also a person who likes to be hands on. I dont like paperwork or deskwork because I get bore easily. I prefer to be very active and to have regular direct contact with the patients. This is wherefore I have studied nursing, to have a challenging and very busy job. I would non be happy working in administration or a supervisor role which took me forth from the patients and put me in front of a computer.I worked in a free standing functional centre for the last ten years. I think this might be a barrier to my grand term goals in terms of job opportunities because I have been out of hospital nursing. I am doing the BSN and depart do a Masters to try to overcome this barrier but I am worried that being out of hospital nursing for ten years might create problems for me in the future as my main career aim is to work as a keep back practitioner in a clinic. I hope that my Masters will help me a chieve this.The role of a baccalaureate prepared nurse is as a giver of care both directly and indirectly. The nurse therefore becomes a patient advocate and educator. This style of nursing allows me to develop my holistic philosophy. As a baccalaureate nurse I will also have the skills to coordinate and manage care. I will therefore have the ability to delegate to some others and assess their work. I hope this will compensate for my lose of a formal education in management. I will work as part of a team and my preparation means that I can enter the work place at a supervisory level. I am also committed to lifelong learning which is why I guess to take a Masters qualification.A baccalaureate nurse will also have rudimentary computer skills and the ability to apply patient care technologies such as monitors, data gathering devices and other technical equipment. Computers are very important in the future of nursing because they improve efficiency and crucify costs. This is the pa rt of the course which I will struggle with the most as I have limit computer knowledge and

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Case Analysis of Golden Year Village Research Paper

Case Analysis of Golden socio-economic class Village - Research Paper ExampleCCRC or Continuing Care retirement Community projects defy evolved as standalone industries that meet the growing demands of healthcare issues of throng in their post retirement period. The Golden age Village is a CCRC project that primarily provides multifaceted post retirement healthcare services to antiquated macrocosm above sixty years of age in Portsmouth, Pennsylvania. The paper would discuss the project as for profit organization, using SWOT analysis. Key strategic factors of Golden Years Village Strengths GYV has to a greater extent than 29 years of experience in the area of meeting the healthcare needs of elder population and understands the myriad problems of old age It runs cost effective programs that give residents options of individual services and housing facilities as well as meeting their wider needs of personal requirements of assisted living and personalized nursing. The vast campus of GYV is withal furnish with state of the art recreational activities which help the residents to de-stress and actively enjoy life. Uses technology to enhance in operation(p) efficiency. Despite previous losses, its profitability indicator is better than its rivals. Weakness Due to stringent government rules and regulation, cannot add prices of its product to meet the increasingly higher cost of healthcare deliverable. The organizational structure is mechanistic and prefers perceptual constancy and resists change. The centralized power significantly reduces empowered decision making capabilities of employees which adversely impacts performance and efficiency. Does not render strategic market place plans for its products and mainly relies on word to mouth publicity as its major market ploy. It lacks financial resources to meet new challenges Opportunities The increasing number of aged population offers big opportunities to expand its products to sheath the growing demands of the people. Threat The major threat is from the new entrants that are for profit organizations and who are better equipped to offer customized packages to customers. Wider implications of key strategic factors Golden Years Village is endowed with sprawling area and has full human competencies that can utilize space and become more creative in their products and services. Ward et al. (1984) charter that 20% of the population is between the age group (60-69) while 65% is above 80 years of age With increased life expectancy, population of elderly has rapidly grown. Hence there are huge opportunities for GYV to expand its products and services to meet the fast changing preferences of elderly population. The advancing technology has created more sentience amongst aged people and empowered people with myriad options. At the same time, awareness has also resulted in advance planning of post retirement period. GHY therefore should introduce new products that meet the changing require ments of people. pot want to be more active and maintain healthy lifestyle. Hence, introducing alternative healthcare imperatives like yoga, meditation, naturopathy etc, would be hugely attractive as they offer holistic healing that takes into consideration the physical, mental and social side of the individuals. Ernst et al. (2004) have defined alternative medicine as diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention which complements mainstream by change and satisfying a demand that is neither met by convention nor by widening the conceptual frameworks of medicine. It helps people with better sense of wellbeing. Since, CCRC has emerged as an

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Global heating - Essay ExampleThis is a difficult dilemma, because the effects of humour change go forth manifest themselves in different ways in different regions, from pole to pole. The political reasoning of the problem solution suggests that all countries need to make set up and delibe swan actions based on special international conventions on climate change. Scientists and international scientific residential area are now under a tremendous pressure, as a correct identification of climate change trends and its main consequences in the future pull up stakes save humanity from immense ills and, vice versa, betrothal of expensive measures without sufficient scientific grounds will lead to huge economic losses. Global Warming Its easiest definition runs that ball-shaped warming is a gradual increase in average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in the 20th and 21st centuries. Scientific judgments, expressed by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on clime Change, dir ectly supported by National Academies of Sciences of the Big Eight, say that the average temperature on Earth has go up by 0.7 C since the Industrial Revolution (the second half of the 18th century) and a considerable rest of observed warming over the past 50 years was caused by human activities, primarily by gas emission ( nose candy dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)), that cause the greenhouse effect (Mank 1). The increase in average orbicular temperature direct to a decrease in continental glaciers. In addition, we should expect a decrease of the permafrost zone, which presently occupies a significant part of the planet, as well as anticipate changes in the methods of management, farming, construction, etc. in the zone itself. Measurements and calculations showed that for the last 100 years mountain glaciers have decreased by approximately 2.000 cubical kilometers the yearly decline averaged 0.06% of the total mass of Alpine ice. Signs of glaciers degradation are observed in all regions of the Arctic, where global warming manifests itself to the maximum extent. Climate warming leads to sea levels rise. Over the past 20 years the rate of increase has doubled and reached 2.5 cm/yr. This rise promises significant environmental consequences. Saltwater intrusion in deltas of the study rivers will destroy protected habitat for wild animals and birds, spawning grounds for fish. Sea level rise will increase a probability of devastating storms. The issue of dams building needs to be thought through with(predicate) today. About 70% of the seaside is currently being destroyed as a result of inhering lift of water and increasing human activities. This process will be further exacerbated by global warming. So, according to the UN Environment Program data, in the Nile Delta, for example, one-fifth of the arable land of Egypt can be fill up by rising water, which will affect about 10 million people (Mank 3). Scientists state that in addition to sea-level rise, ris e of global temperature will lead to changes in the quantity and distribution of precipitation. As a result, there is a strong possibility of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, etc. harvests will fall in the affected areas and will increase in other zones (due to increasing concentration of carbon dioxide). Climate warming may cause a geographic

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Killing and Letting Die Essay Example for Free

Killing and Letting Die experiment bottoms calculated article entitled, Killing and Letting Die is one which provides arguments through sibylline situations, discrediting opinions and beliefs of other modern philosophers. Its main cause is to locate example differentiation between the industrious taking of vivification versus geting cobblers last to occur by means of not producing assistance. Afterwards bottom applies these beliefs onto the sub-topic of abortion, set off flawed examples of pro-abortion arguments she then counters these with her own strong outlooks.In this critical report I intend to give itinerary the relevance and application of Foots arguments highlighting both strengths and weaknesses in Foots judgements. Foot opens by expressing that in specific circumstances, for instance our negligence to end third world starvation as opposed to the giving of poisoned pabulum to these starving individuals, our moral agency has a role. This is a sound argument, we hand over sufficient resources to end starvation with little if any detriment to ourselves yet we fail to provide.This failure is dear as morally wrong as providing poisoned food. This is not to say Foot believes killing and allowing to die ar the same. It is merely her belief in this particular circumstance that they argon not morally dissimilar. Proceeding this is a hypothetical proposal of devil circumstances One, in which 6 individuals are reliant on the pulmonary tuberculosis of a certain rare drug. One individual requires the full quota of this specific medification in order to live, and then the other basketball team would not receive the drug and would consequentially die.It is therefore clear to Foot that the five should receive the drug and regrettably allow this individual to die. The other, where five somebodys require organs and to save their life one patient is killed to obtain these for the five in need. The clear moral distinction between these two is the role played by moral agency. We play our part as an agent in the death of a mortal whereas in the other we whoremongernot be held responsible for the eventual outcome- being his death.It is our active familiarity in the case of the killing for unmistakable parts which is denounced as morally wrong by Foot, whereas in the case of providing the medical specialty at a lower quantity to the five patients rather than all the medicine to the one patient we are not an agent in the death as the resources were insufficient to time lag the individual alive. Thus Foot concludes a morally justified stance is adopted. This point is further keep in Foots Rescue I and Rescue II cases she offers.Rescue I involves a rescue team hurrying to save five someones from drowning before the receive news of one person threatened by some other happening, they choose to continue to save the five and regretfully allow him to die. This is then contrasted with the hypothetical situation of Rescue 2. Rescu e 2, the rescue team are on their way to save the five from drowning when blocking their road is an individual trapped on their route. To continue and save the five the team would have to drive over the individual resulting in certain death.Foot progresses this point by stating, We cannot originate a fatal sequence, although we can allow one to run its course. It is therefore apparent Foot is establishing her stance as against the idea killing and allowing to die are morally divergent. This stance though can be countered with an example proposed by James Rachels which is recognised by Foot. In the first case, a peasant is endionally held underwater in the bath until they drown. And in the second an individual sees the sister slip and fall underwater, whilst the child drowns they do nothing.Foot accepts that both are morally wrong that she provides weak and incoherent reasoning for her contradiction. Resorting to an argument involving levels of badness, as if an untoward deed ca n be rated on a scale. It is ludicrous to suggest any act of malicious or evil intent can be inferior to another simply because of the outcome. Also Foot suggests that because the two cases differ in their acts, the result cannot be known to be the same. Foots established beliefs are then utilise to the sub-topic of abortion, and if there are any situations it is morally justifiable to abort a foetus.Foot introduces an argument subdued by Thomson in favour of abortion. Thomsons belief is that abortion is always morally justifiable as no human being has the right to use of anothers body, therefore the foetus rights are waived and the mothers rights to remove the foetus as a hindrance take precedence. Foot recites Thomsons flawed example of an dangerously ill individual being hooked to the body of another person without consent in order to function being similar to that of a pregnant woman.She continues to say if the unconsenting person detaches himself he is not a murderer as the ill person is proving an inconvenience to them. Foot breaks brush up this argument by showing there is an intrinsic difference between instigating a fatality and not providing the means to continue life. Foot finds that the language used to describe failing to provide the means to survive does not serve purposes of this argument.Foot indicates the word kill is unimportant and it is infact the outcome of death is not instigated by an agent it is otherwise allowed to take place. This is relative to the act of abortion as Foot suggests the foetus is conditional on its mother in the same way children depend on their parents for food and shelter. Thus Foot hints that the previous suggestions by Thomson are horrendously faulty, by denouncing her comment that a mothers rights override a foetus rights as it hinders her life.Surely this is saying that if an alive child is proving a effect to its parents lives it is morally justifiable that they terminate its life. Foot correctly highlight s that the arguments hinges upon the audiences perception of a foetus moral status. Be it as a human being or otherwise. Foot proclaims that if the foetus should be considered a human being then Thomsons argument is as similar to the killing of the man for spare parts. Concluding that the foetus status remains at the core of justifying the opposition or defend of abortion as an act.

Monday, April 15, 2019

Grammatical aspect Essay Example for Free

grammatic aspect EssayWhen my students go through Jose Rizals expenses in Europe, they n unrivaled that his biggest and most regular expenses were for the get of books and postage stamps. This is non surprising beca subprogram we exclusively know that he analogousd to read and study, and to bring through infrastructure a lot because he was homesick in Madrid. Students overly none that he bought 1/10 of a lottery ticket every week. When I ask what he did with a ball of yarn, students react that Rizal probably had a pet cat, and that he used the yarn to darn the holes in his socks or to fetter up the maid for kinky sex. We see ourselves in historical records and I often allow the students to act upon their own crazy conclusions before drawing them back to the primary source and what it actually says. Other teachers forget non allow silly comments in class notwithstanding I do, hoping that new insight pull up stakes several(prenominal)times be found in a side remar k. Rizals garners atomic number 18 seldom read because we be so focused on his novels and poetry in a classroom. Yet it is in and through these permitters that we see Rizal plain and gain insight into his reachs. It may be a abortive matter, provided Rizals letters to family members are the most endearing. Remember 7-11 that Rizal was the s veritable(a)th child of 11 innate(p) to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso.He was the second of 2 boys in a home dominated, literally, by women. Rizals sisters were as fat as their parents, so he was often told most new assets to the family. In a letter go out Nov. 23, 1883, Teodora Alonso related direct Im going to mention to you, one by one, my new debts to the Lord. On June 6, 1882, Luca delivered a baby boy who was named Jos. On 15 Sept. 1882, Neneng gave birth to a boy who was named Alfredo. On 14 June 1883, Sisa gave birth to a girl who was given the name Mara Consolacin on 3 Sept. 1883, Olimpia gave birth to a boy who was n amed Aristeo on 24 Nov. 1883, Luca gave birth to a girl. On the 26th of this month, Neneng gave birth to a girl also. Both girls are not yet baptized but they impart be on Sunday. Here m each die of childbirth but they went through it safely. wiz of thememorable characters of Noli Me Tangere is Sisa a name taken from the nickname of Rizals favorite sister Narcisa. On Feb. 27, 1886, she wrote I suppose you weart know yet that Im now the pay back of six children. In this letter you lead see the names of the three older ones written by themselves, and of the perish ones, the older was Isabel, the dead soul one, and the two, one girl and one boy, are called Consolacin and Leoncio Lpez, who is as fat as a melon. The children of sr.. Neneng are three They are called Alfredo, Adela, and Abelardo. Olimpias shortly leave behind be three, like Sra. Nenengs. The two who are not here(predicate) are called Aristeo and Cesario the older one called Aristeo, what a lively boy he is His g od amaze is Sr. Paciano.He will be a useful boy when he gets older. At the age of two, he already knows a great deal. He is the save consolation of our parents, I tell you, because when you see this child, even if you are angry, you will be obliged to laugh, he is so funny. One foot only cogitate what joy Rizal, homesick in Europe, got from letters. Neneng, for example, exposed Alfredo Porfirio or Freding in a letter dated Dec. 14, 1882, as having a well-shaped body, stout, round-faced, having a sharp nose, small chin and eyes, flat straits, bald on the unexpended side. When we go to capital of the Philippines, we shall nurture his picture and mine taken and will send them to you. Lucia Herbosa, in a letter on Nov. 13, 1882, delimitated a son born to her in that year that they named Jose I amuse myself with Joss ear, which is like yours. I tell you that it is really like yours, but I pray that the likeness does not stuff in that location, but that he may confine your di sposition, your goodness, and diligence in good works. In July 1886 Lucias of importtain wrote Rizal about their daughter Delfina who was suffering from a little inflammation of her eye, which is the cause of her absence from school. What a pathos she did not become a boy She is bright and very studious. Her m another(prenominal) is al paths telling her not to read because her inflammation might worsen, but she is so hard organiseed. Imagine a child insisting on reading Delfina was to figure in Philippine history 12 days later, in 1898, when she assisted Marcela Agoncillo in Hong Kong in the sewing and embroidering of the first Philippine flag. Education was important for Rizals nephews and nieces. His pal Paciano, on July 18, 1886, put across him Furnish me with information of the best schools there. We pay numerous nephews, most of them promising. It is a pity that these ones should fall into the transfer of teachers who teach unwillingly and do soonly for show. It is tru e that they inculcate in children very in his right mind(predicate) principles, such as fear and humility, the first being the beginning of wisdom and the second of apostolic and polite virtue, but it is also true that fear and humility lead to dullness. It is not enough to see Rizal as a doting uncle one should also appreciate that the Rizal family put a premium on the teaching method of their little ones. It was no better way of investing in the future, for children were the bella esperanza de la patria mia (the fair hope of the motherland). post by Nomerson R. Abedoza at 331 amTHE DEATH OF JOSE RIZAL Ambeth Ocampos VersionEditors note The following is the article written by todays most famous Philippine historian Ambeth R. Ocampo on Jose Rizals death. Simply entitled, The goal of Jose Rizal, this historical piece by the current head of the field Historical Institute (of the Philippines) could be deemed refreshing and controersial, as it dispatchers several unpopular and un orthodox accounts of what (presumably) transpired on the day of Rizals exertion. For one thing, it virtually pro shoots that Rizal refused to kiss the rood-tree before he was executed, thereby negating the cl betoken of other historians (like Zaide) that the national hero even asked for this Catholic sacramental. Happy readingTHE OBSERVANT WILL reflexion metal footprints on the pavement running from citadel Santiago to the Luneta in seafront Manila. They resemble dancing approach patterns, but actually trace the plump steps of Jose Rizal as he walked from his prison cell to the site of his execution on December 30, 1896. The Rizal Centennial Commission claims that the footprints are musical themed on Rizals actual fit out size. When tidy sum ask why the steps are so small, the quick reply is If you are manner of walking to your death, would you hurry? The slow walk to Bagumbayan field (as Rizal Park or the Luneta was once called) began at 630 a.m. on a cool, clear morning. Rizal was dressed in a menacing coat and trousers and a fair shirt and waistcoat. He was tied elbow to elbow, but held up his head in a chistera or bowler hat. A bugler signaled his passage, while the roll of drums muffled in sorry cloth gave cadence to his gait. From Fort Santiago he took a right turn, and walked along thePaseo Maria Cristina (now Bonifacio Drive), which gave him a view lifting the shadower over Manila Bay on the right, and a last glimpse of Intramuros, shadowed by the wanting sun, on his left. He walked betwixt two Jesuits, Father Estanislao March and Father Jose Villaclara. They too were in black the trademark black hats, tunics, and heavy coats that made the young Rizal and his Ateneo schoolmates refer to them aspaniki (bats, or colloquially perhaps, batmen). Behind Rizal walked the brother of his former bodyguard, Lieutenant Luis Taviel de Andrade, who had vainly defended him in a farce masquerading as a trial. The streets were lined with people who wan ted to see the condemned man, since Rizal was mevery things to different people leader of the revolution, physician, novelist, poet, sculptor, heretic, subversive. Rizal was a someone one could not be neutral about. Like him or hate him, he was a celebrity. Although he was walking to his death, eyewitnesses describe Rizal as serene a bit pale, not because of fear of his fate, but because he had not had whatever breakfast. All he had been given were three hard-boiled eggs, which he took to a corner of his prison cell, saying, This is for the rats let them provoke a fiesta, too. Then he left his cell. Rizal is utter to turn in nodded left and right to endorse familiar faces in crusade. From time to time he smiled, and is say to realise made a hardly a(prenominal) jokes, and laughed at these himself because the Jesuits flanking him rebrinyed somber. Others noticed his eyes dart quickly from left to right, and some believed that members of his family or the Katipuneros would make a last-ditch apparent movement to save him from death. Was Rizal waiting for helper that never came? And perhaps for an opportunity to spurn that help? Had he expected to see his family by the roadside? We will never know much than the detail that he was walking to his destiny. In the clear morning Rizal could probably see as far as Susong Dalaga, and appreciate the silhouette of a naked woman on the mountain rake across from Manila Bay. What a beautiful morning he said, On mornings like this I used to take walks here with my sweetheart. Before reaching Bagumbayan, he glanced at Intramuros, sighed, and seeing the spires of the church of San Ignacio, said Is that the Ateneo? I spent many an(prenominal) happy years there. The Jesuits response is not recorded. Someone had the foresight to take a photograph of the execution. The background looked like a box, lined, three or quaternity people deep, on three sides. The empty fourth part sidefaced the bay, and the executioner s line of fire. Eight Filipino soldiers armed with Remingtons formed the firing squad. Behind them stood the drummers and other line of Spanish soldiers with Mausers, ready to shoot the Filipinos if they refused to shoot, or purposely missed their target. When everyone was in place, there was a s sprightly delay because Rizal refused the customary blindfold, and asked to face the firing squad. The Spanish victor who had guided Rizal to the site insisted that he be shot in the back as ordered, because he was a traitor to Spain. Rizal declared that he had never been a traitor to the country of his birth or to Spain. After some coaxing, Rizal finally off-key his back, but again refused the blindfold, and further more(prenominal) refused to kneel. After all this haggling he made one last request that the executioners spare his head, and shoot him in the back towards the heart. When the captain agreed, Rizal clasped the hand of Lieutenant Taviel de Andrade and thanked him once more fo r the vain effort of defending him before the war machine court that sentenced him to death. Meanwhile, a curious Spanish military doctor felt Rizals pulse, and was surprised to find it regular and normal. The Jesuits were the last to leave the condemned man. They raised the crucifix to his face and lips, but he turned his head away and silently prepared to meet death. The captain raised his saber in the air, ordered his men to get ready, and barked the order Preparen This was followed by the order to aim the rifles Apunten In the split second before the saber was brought mound with the order to fir Fuego Rizal shouted the last two intelligences of the crucified Christ Consummatum est (It is done). The shots rang out, the bullets hit their mark, and Rizal executed that carefully choreographed twist that he had practiced years before, which made him fall faced up on the ground. People held their breath as soldiers came up to the system and gave Rizal the tiro de gracia, one la st merciful shot in the head at close range to make sure he was really dead. A small dog, the military mascot, ran around the corpse whining, and the crowd moved in for a closer look, but were kept at bay by the soldiers who stood in the first row of spectators. After a short silence, someone shouted Long live Spain Death to the traitor The crowd did not respond. An officer approached the person who had shouted, and berated him. To fill in the gap, the military band vie theMarcha deCadiz. It was 703 a.m. The show was over.The Death of Jose Rizal Ambeth OcamposPosted by Nomerson R. Abedoza at 322 AMLooking BackFighting over bubblyBy Ambeth R. OcampoPhilippine Daily Inquirer1101 pm Thursday, May 23rd, 2013Marcelo H. del Pilar once quoted Jose Rizal as saying, Where there are two Filipinos unity is not possible. We will never know if Rizal was misquoted, but that line should encourage us to do some soul-searching. It is more relevant to us today than another famous line put in Rizal s speak about the destiny of looking to the ult to achieve ones goals Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinagdaanan, di makararating sa paroroonan. Rizal never said this he actually wrote something better, in 1879, as an epigraph to his play Council of the Gods. It goes Con el recuerdo del pasado entro en el porvenir (I come in the future remembering the quondam(prenominal)). If our texts carried better quotes to live by, the world would be better off. People who think Rizal would have become a good president of the Philippines should think twice. He may have had a in senior high spirits IQ but he lacked EQ. He was respected but was not as well-liked as Plaridel (Del Pilar). If Rizal went into politics today, he would not even be elect barangay captain because he was too serious. He would not sing or dance Gangnam style to woo voters. He would neither cheat nor buy votes. And if Rizal were take at all, he would surely end up being shot in Bagumbayan all over again This anecd ote narrated by Plaridel to Deodato arellano in March 1891 is one reason Rizal did not get elected leader of the expatriates in Madrid It is a tradition in the Filipino colony to have a brotherlike dinner on the night of the 31st of December. In the morning of that day the question of serving champagne was brought up in our lodgings, all the more since the boys had taken a great deal of trouble preparing speeches. A thousand ways were discussed to make champagne available that night, and at lunch time there was a great deal of chaffing about it among ourselves, but I kept my mouth shut, andwithout saying a word was planning to pay for the champagne myself I wanted to give them a surprise. No sooner said than done after lunch I went to Bayos house to get hold of some cash for the nights champagne. From Bayos house I went, at about three o quantify in the afternoon, to the house of Doa Justa Jugo where we had been invited to tea on the natal day of her son. While I was there Rizal arrived and called me aside to tell me Before coming here I passed by your house and I saying a resolution being prepared asking you to pay for the coffee tonight. Agreed, I answered. Imagine, how could I not agree when I had been ready to pay for something more expensive Came the night and the young people, in high spirits as usual, signed a paper which they would not let me read when we were sitting consume to dinner, a resolution, very wittily drafted by Lete, and signed by twenty-five guests (we were all in all thirty-one, I believe) was read out, asking me to pay for the coffee, Cunanan for the cigars, and Rizal and Dominador Gomez (who had not yet arrived) for the champagne. I expressed my agreement and so did Cunanan. But Rizal had the good or bad taste to protest and argue. I tried to head off his protest by suggesting that the champagne be paid for by Modesto Reyes and Mariano Abella, who had agreed to do so, in addition to those already named but perhaps because Rizal di d not hear me, we being far apart, I at the head of the table and he at the extreme left, with the authors of the resolution at the extreme right, my suggestion for reinforcements was not taken up and, on Rizals initiative, he began at the left end of the table to collect one peseta per person to pay for the champagne. In the midst of the hubbub someone approached me and whispered Mr. Editor, the resolution is retreat but we are grateful for your kindness with regard to the coffee we expected nothing less from your generosity. I understood the bitterness that Rizals protest had aroused. The latter, who was oblivious to it, continued gay and witty while I worried about a quarrel breaking out. The collection of one peseta was paid from the left end to the center, but from there to the right end nobody wanted to contribute. Witticisms, very ingenious and wounding, began to be directed against Rizal from the right end, but I took advantage of the fact that Rizal did not seem to realize the orientate of the jokes and stood up to approach those at the right end and asked them confidentially not to spoil such a brotherly gathering. They all listened to me and there were no morejokes for the rest of the dinner. Came the time for the toasts. Dr. Rosario started them off and he was so eloquent in the periodic sentence in which he bewailed the lack of diligence of some in their studies that he drew tremendous applause, but at the end of the clapping Rizal was heard saying We should be sorry for it, not applaud it. This caused some sour looks but it passed. (Translated from the original Spanish by Leon Ma. Guerrero) It is homeless we only have Plaridels account of Rizals surly behavior. All we know is that the election between them was cooked up shortly afterward, resulting in Rizals election after repeated balloting. But Rizal walked out, thus self-aggrandising the leadership to Plaridel by default. In a letter to Plaridel in October 1891, Rizal referred to this epis ode with bitterness A shabu of champagne has dissolved the idol made of clay. If it was really clay, what does it matter if it is gone? * * *Comments are welcome at emailprotected tape more http//opinion.inquirer.net/53205/fighting-over-champagneixzz2beA8vc4j Follow us inquirerdotnet on Twitter inquirerdotnet on Facebook Looking BackRizal and meBy Ambeth R. OcampoPhilippine Daily Inquirer1026 pm Thursday, June 20th, 2013(Concluded from Wednesday)Why should students endure boring textbook biographies of Rizal when he practically left an autobiography scattered in the 25 volumes of his compiled writing? Here, Rizal and me discuss his mother. JOSE RIZAL (JR) Without her, what would have been my education and my fate? Next to God, a mother is everything to a man. AMBETH R. OCAMPO (ARO) I agree.JR She taught me how to read, she taught me how to stammer the humble prayers that I addressed fervently to God, and now that Im a young man, oh, where is the simplicity, the innocence, of my e arly days? ARO What else?JR My mother is called Mrs. Teodora Alonso de Quintos, of the family of Mr. Jos Florentino of Ilocos, granddaughter, if I remember correctly. ARO I think Florentino was her cousin. Perhaps your literary gifts were inherited from Leona Florentino of Vigan who is one of the few women remembered in our early Philippine literary history. Thus, you are also related to her son Isabelo de los Reyes. Lets not get distracted, please continue. JR My mother was a woman of more than average education. She was conversant with literature and round better Spanish than me. She corrected my verses and gave me good advice in rhetoric. She was a mathematician and read many books. Her father Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a deputy in the Cortes representing the Philippines, was her teacher. Her brother Jose Alberto was educated in Europe and spoke German, English, Spanish and French. He was also knighted with the Order of Isabel la Catolica. ARO Was it your mother who taught you to r ead?JR My first remembrance concerning letters goes back to my earliest age. I must(prenominal) be very small yet because when they polished the floor of our house with banana leaves, I would still fall, slipping on the shiny surface, as did little skilled skaters on ice. It was still unwieldy for me to climb up a chair. I went down the staircase step by step, holding on to every baluster, and in our house, as in the whole town, petroleum was unknown. Neither had I seen until that time any quinque lamp, nor had any carriage ever passed through the streets of my town that I believed to be the height of joy and animation. One night, when everybody else at home was already asleep, when the lights in the globes had already been put out by blowing them off by means of a curved tin tube that seemed to me the most exquisite and wonderful toy in the world, I dont know why my mother and I remained watching beside the only light that in all Philippine houses burned all night long, and that went out precisely at dawn, wakeful the people with its cheerful hissing. My mother then was still young. After a bath her hair, which she let down to dry, dragged half a handbreadth on the floor, by which reason she knotted its end. ARO Wow I have seen 19th-century paintings and photographs depicting Filipino women whose hair reached the floor. My mother once had hair that measured over four feet. As a sign of her freedom from her parents, the first thing she did upon marriage was to cut that marvelousRapunzel-like hair. Next, she turned my fathers favorite shirt into a basahan (rag). Sorry, please continue. JR My mother taught me to read in Amigo de los Nios (The Childrens Friend), an old book by the Abbot Sabatier translated from the original French to Spanish that at the time had become quite rare. It had lost its assure and one of my sisters cleverly covered it again by pasting a thick blue paper, the remnant of the wrap of a bolt of cloth, on its back. That night my mother was annoyed listening to me read poorly. I didnt understand Spanish and couldnt add expression to the phrases. She took the book from me. After scolding me for drawing barbaric pictures on its pages, she began to read, asking me to follow her example. My mother, when her sight was not yet impaired, read very well. She could recite and write poetry. How many times during Christmas vacation afterward, she corrected my poems, making very apt observations. I listened to her full of adolescent admiration. I marveled at the ease with which she read sonorous phrases from the same pages that cost me so much effort to read and that I deciphered haltingly. Perhaps my ears soon got tired of hearing sounds that meant nothing to me. Perhaps receivable to my natural distr carry through, I lacked attention to the reading and watched more closely the cheerful flame around which some small moths fluttered with playful and uneven flight. Perhaps I yawned, and my mother noticed I had lost interest. She stop reading and said to me Now Im going to read to you a very bewitching story. Listen. ARO Ah, the famous story of the gamu-gamo known by all Filipino children. Prewar Philippine Readers carried illustrations by National Artist Fernando Amorsolo, one of you and your mother reading. Who else told you stories when you were a boy? JR We would go to the azotea or to some window where the synodic month could be seen, then my aya would tell us stories, sometimes sad and at other times happy, in which skeletons and buried treasure, and trees blooming with diamonds, were mingled in confusion, all born of an Oriental imagination. Sometimes she told us that men lived on the moon, or that the markings we could see on the moon were nothing else but a woman forever weaving. The matter of Rizal and me is forthcoming.* * *Comments are welcome at emailprotectedThe appurtenance VerbRecognize an subsidiary verb when you see one.Every sentence must have a verb. To depict doable activities, writers use action verbs. To describe hold ins, writers choose linking verbs. Sometimes an action or condition occurs just oncebangand its over. Nate stubbed his toe.He is miserable with pain.Other times, the activity or condition continues over a long stretch of time, happens predictably, or occurs in relationship to other events. In these instances, a single-word verb like stubbed or iscannot accurately describe what happened, so writers use multipart verb phrases to communicate what they mean. As many as four words can comprise a verb phrase. A main or base verb indicates the type of action or condition, and subsidiaryor helpingverbs convey the other nuances that writers want to express. Read these three examplesSherylee smacked her lips as raspberry jelly dripped from the donut onto her white shirt. Sherylee is always dripping something.Since Sherylee is such a klutz, she should have been eating a cake donut, which would not have stained her shirt. In the first sentence, smac ked and dripped, single-word verbs, describe the quick actions of both Sherylee and the raspberry jelly. Since Sherylee has a pattern of messiness, is dripping communicates the frequency of her clumsiness. The extension verbs that comprise should have been eating and would have stained express not only time relationships but also rating of Sherylees actions. Below are the addition verbs. You can conjugate be, do, and have the modal auxiliaries, however, never change form. Be Do Haveamisarewaswerebeingbeen doesdodid hashavehadhavingModal Auxiliaries Never Change Formcan, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would figure the dual nature of be, do, and have.Be, do, and have are both stand-alone verbs and appendix verbs. When these verbs are concomitant, you will find them teamed with other verbs to complete the verb phrase. Compare these sentences Freddy is envious of Beatrices steaming bowl of squid eyeball stew. Is = linking verb.Freddy is study Beatrices st eaming bowl of squid eyeball stew with envy in his eyes. Is = auxiliary verb studying = present participial completing the verb phrase. We did our homework for Mrs. Long.Did = action verb.Were not slackers We did prepare our homework for Mrs. Long. Did = auxiliary verb prepare = main verb completing the verb phrase. Selena has twelve orange goldfish in her aquarium.Has = action verb.Selena has bought a wolf fish to help keep the tank clean.Has = auxiliary verb bought = past participle completing the verb phrase. Form progressive tenses with the auxiliary verb be.All progressive tenses use a form of be. Present progressive follows this pattern am, is, or are + present participle intake the present progressive tense to convey an action or condition happening right now or frequently. I am baking chocolate-broccoli muffins today.Am = auxiliary verb baking = present participle completing the verb phrase.Alex is sitting at the kitchen table, anticipating his first bite. Is = auxiliary verb sitting = present participle completing the verb phrase. Alex must wait a while longer because the muffins are cooling by the window. Are = auxiliary verb cooling = present participle completing the verb phrase. Impatient Alex is always waiting to taste whatever I cook. Is = auxiliary verb waiting = present participle completing the verb phrase. Past progressive follows this patternwas or were + present participle economic consumption the past progressive tense to show either 1) an action or condition that continued in the past or 2) an action or condition interrupted by another. Naomi was hoping for an A in her organic chemistry class.Was = auxiliary verb hoping = present participle completing the verb phrase. Unfortunately, Naomis lab reports were deficient the nutritional data on chocolate-broccoli muffins. Were = auxiliary verb missing = present participle completing the verb phrase. While Naomi was obsessing about her grade, Jason shared the data that she needed. Was = a uxiliary verb obsessing = present participle completing the verb phrase. Future progressive looks like thiswill + be + present participleUse the future progressive tense to indicate an action that will continue in the future. I will be growing broccoli in the backyard this spring.Will, be = auxiliary verbs growing = present participle completing the verb phrase. Soon, Alex will be eating organic chocolate-broccoli muffins Will, be = auxiliary verbs eating = present participle completing the verb phrase. Form passive voice with be.You can make any transitive verban action verb that can take a direct objectpassive with the auxiliary verb be. combat-ready voice looks like thissubject + verb + direct object.Here are some samplesWe licked our lips.Frank devoured a bacon duple cheeseburger.Everyone envied his enjoyment.Passive voice makes these changesdirect object as subject + form of be + past participle + by + subject as object of the preposition. Now read these revisionsOur lips wer e licked by us.The double bacon cheeseburger was being devoured by Frank. His enjoyment was envied by everyone.Notice how wordy and clunky passive voice is Now you know why English teachers tell you to avoid it Form perfect tenses with have.All perfect tenses use a form of have. Present perfect follows this pattern has or have + past participleUse the present perfect tense to convey an action or condition that began in the past but continues or is finished in the present. beach has bought earplugs to drown out her husbands snoring. Has = auxiliary verb bought = past participle completing the verb phrase. The earplugs have saved Marges marriage to George.Have = auxiliary verb saved = past participle completing the verb phrase. Past perfect follows this patternhad + past participleUse the past perfect tense to show that one action in the past occurred before another. Because Marge had purchased the earplugs, she no longer fantasized about smothering George with a pillow. Had = auxil iary verb purchased = past participle completing the verb phrase. Future perfect follows this patternwill + have + past participleUse the future perfect tense to indicate that an action will be finished in the future. This Sunday, Marge will have gotten an entire week of uninterrupted sleep. Will, have = auxiliary verbs gotten = past participle completing the verb phrase. Form accented tenses with do.When you use a form of do as an auxiliary verb, you form the emphatic tense. This tense is useful for asking questions or emphasizing an action. The patterns look like these form of do + main verbform of do + subject + main verb ?I did not eat your leftover pizzaDid = auxiliary verb eat = main verb completing the verb phrase. Do you always accuse the first person you see?Do = auxiliary verb accuse = main verb completing the verb phrase. Doesnt the evidence point to Samuel, who still has a bit of black olive stuck to his front tooth? Does = auxiliary verb point = main verb completing t he verb phrase. Understand the job of modal auxiliary verbs.Modal auxiliary verbs never change form. You cannot add an ed, ing, or s ending to these words.Can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would have only one form. You can use modal auxiliary verbs in these patternsmodal + main verbmodal + be + present participlemodal + have + past participleWith modal auxiliaries, you can indicate necessity or obligation To lose her orange glow, Yvonne should eat fewer carrots.John must remember his wifes birthday this year.If Cecilia wants a nice lawn, she ought to be raking the leaves. Or you can show possibilityFred might share his coalescence homework if you offer him a slice of pizza. Ann could have run the half marathon if she had started to train four months ago. Modal auxiliaries also show willingness or abilityNicole will babysit your pet iguana for a conceivable fee.Jason can pass chemistry this semester if he stops spending his study time at the arcade. Y our answers were1. I will have the soup of import VerbAuxiliary Verb2. Police are investigating the incident Main VerbAuxiliary Verb3. It is very peaceful here Main VerbAuxiliary Verb4. Where does your brother work? Main VerbAuxiliary Verb5. They have decided to advertise your job Main VerbAuxiliary Verb6. He does his homework on the way to school Main Verb Auxiliary VerbReviewAuxiliary verbs always occur with a main verb, but main verbs can occur alone. So the main verbs in this exercise are in (1), (3), and (6). In (1), the main verb have has the modal auxiliary will before it. In (3), the main verb isoccurs without any auxiliary it is a open present tense verb, third person singular. In (6), does is a main verb, without any auxiliary.The other highlighted verbs are auxiliaries. In (2), the progressive auxiliary are comes before the main verbinvestigating.In (4), does is the present tense form, third person singular, of the dummy auxiliary do. Here it is used to form a question , and the main verb is work.In (5), have is the perfective auxiliary, and the main verb is decided.This exercise shows that the verbs be, have, and do can be both auxiliaries and main verbs. It is easy to distinguish between the two uses if you apply a replacement test. For example, in He does his homework we can replace the main verb does with other main verbsHe does his homework He writes/scribbles/loses his homeworkBut this does not work if the verb were replacing is an auxiliaryWhere does your brother work? *Wherewrites/scribbles/loses your brother workNow try the same test with the following pairMain Verb I will have the soup Auxiliary Verb They have decided to advertise

An Analysis of Freuds Critique of Religion Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of Freuds Critique of trust EssayIn his book Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud critique uses his method of psychoanalysis on holiness. By analyze the relationship between human and religion to that of a child and his p arnts Freud effectively demonstrates that religion is a harvest-time of the human mind. After exposing religion as a an illusion Freud concludes that humanity forget be transgress off when it has forg wizard religion. This paper will argue that Freuds assertion that religion is an illusion is correct because of its blatantly attributable phylogeny by the history of the human nicety and psyche. The first arguwork forcet that Freud makes in his assault on religion regards acculturation. Freud argues that human civilization arose as a result of mankinds needs to protect itself from disposition. It was precisely because of these dangers with which temper threatens us that we came together and created civilization. (Freud 19) As a result of t he need for organization and manpower to prepare defenses against nature, the instincts of custody had to be controlled. He furthers this argument by saying that two human traits, laziness and the unwilling nature of the masses to listen to reason are responsible for the extremity of the rule of law. Freud then describes the various methods of irresistible impulse that laughingstock be employed by civilization to halt instinctual privation. The most important of which he points push through as being religion.The main reasons that Freud ranks religion as being/having been the most important alsol in civilization are its ability to explain the various inequities and inexplicable phenomena that afflict human civilization. Freud points out how past civilizations used religion to humanize nature. By making these natural terrors beings that could be dealt with just like men it allowed people the chance to react to and have the illusion of influence on nature. He also illuminates w ith ignore sarcasm how convenient religion is in its ability to rectify all the trials and tribulations of life for us. Everything that happens in this realness is an expression of the intentions of an intelligence superior to us, which in the end, though its ways and byways are difficult to follow, orders everything for the best. (Freud 23)The populace of this churchman creature who creates justice for us ensures that the masses will non stray from the laws and tenets of religionand society for revere of being judged by this entity. Religion is also valuable to civilization for its ability to explain finis. Thanks to religion, terminal became something other than evidently the termination of a life. Death stopped being the end and was recasted into the intention of a doorway to another existence. As though knowing that the continuation of life were not enough, religion furthers its ingest appeal by promising that the hereafter will be better than life on Earth. The afte rlife itself also serves a function as well. A desire to gain entry into this afterlife will cause many another(prenominal) of the masses to renounce their instincts. some other argument Freud makes is how religion is an attempt to fill in the gaps where civilization and the pursuit of life cannot make individuals happy. He says that, The urge to rectify the shortcomings of civilization which made themselves painfully felt is fulfilled by religion. (Freud 27) This can be seen throughout modern society in many different forms. It is telling that quite often individuals who are extremely ill, paralyzed, poor, or otherwise fr giveed upon by civilization and culture tend to be more religious.Later Freud turns his argument to the legal historical proof border religions. Using an analogy of a child learning geography and simply slanging on trustingness that the places he sees on a map exist rather than going on a tour around the world, Freud attacks religious doctrines. He does this by pointing out that though the child takes on faith what he sees on the map, he could take a journey around the world and see for himself that these places indeed exist. He then applies this same manner of thinking to religious doctrines when he asks what these kind of claims these doctrines are founded on and why we should believe them? The answers he says are that they were believed by our ancestors and that it is forbidden to question them.Freud points out that it is the latter point which highlights societys own awareness of the insecurity of the claim it makes on behalf of its religious doctrines. (Freud 33) The own paranoia that religions have of even questioned shows how much they slang that their beliefs do not follow reason. As Freud shows us the early church recognized this all overly well when it instituted a doctrine that maintained that religious doctrinesdo fall under the microscope of reason. The most commons religious document of all time, The Bible, h of age(pr edicate)s a particular Proverb that further illustrates the paranoia or religion against reason. religion in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding. (Proverbs 35)Another important concept that Freud uses to critique religion can be found in his broad cathode-ray oscilloscope in psychology. He alludes greatly the Oedipus complex in his dealings with God and the individual. According to Freud, humankind is connatural to a child who needs to be protected and supported in his/her everyday life, thus he/she sees God as supportive, protective father. Freud gives his own theories far too much justice in this regard. whiz does not need to regard God as a father-figure to believe in him. in that respect are many people who believe in God but do not accept God as a beneficent omnipotent being. However, we cannot say that Freud in his genius could not apply psychoanalysis to these other divinations of God and rectify them to individual situations.Freuds best a rgument in favor of religions existence as an illusion is when he describes the convenient nature of religion to particular times of civilization. Freud says that we know most at what periods and by what kind of men religious doctrines were created. He also argues that it is very telling how religion tells us almost exactly what we want to hear. We shall tell ourselves that it would be very nice if there were a God who created the world and was a benevolent providence, and if there were a moral order in the globe and an afterlife but it is a very striking fact that all this is exactly as we are bound to wish it to be. (Freud 42)Freuds assertion that religions are in fact illusions created to deceive men into reunouncing their instincts for the advancement of civilization is based entirely on generalizations about all religions. These generalizations, however, can be well supported when one looks back throughout history. Religion could easily be compared to a chameleon that changes its color to tot whatever the needs of civilization are to survive. It is ironic that religion can be traced throughout history as being so adaptable given the intransigent foundations of religion.Whether or not religions really are illusions as Freuds ultimate conclusion responsibilitys, there is undoubtedly a clear link between religion and the evolution of civilization. A fantastic example of religion changing its color in order to better fit the evolution of civilization can be seen in the ancient Order of the Knights of the Temple Mount or Knights Templar. The Knights Templar in the middle ages were created to be the shock troops for Europes holy war against the infidels. When this war was lost and the phalanx arm of the knights were no longer needed, the organization was systematically eliminated. Its leaders were charged with heresy and killed and its riches was confiscated, simply because the organizations purpose no longer coincide with church doctrine.Another great e xample of religious adaptability can be seen in the evolution of Christianity in Rome. As the old religions in Rome were in reduce and material decadence had taken over, Christianity appeared over the horizon as one of the saving graces of the Roman empire. As the threat from tykes grew in on the empires borders grew, so did Christianity place in Rome. It was eventually elevated to being the state religion under the empire Diocletian. Even Christianity would not be able to save Rome from the barbarian hordes. In their hour of defeat Romans were undoubtedly able to pray and ask for salvation from Christ. It is interesting that such a doctrine would arise shortly before a time of annihilation.Finally, it is important to note the role of religion in capitalism. Capitalism, as pointed out by Marx, is a vastly unfavorable system of economic system for many people. While some would argue that it allows people the freedom make their own destinies, others would say that capitalism traps some in a cycle of poverty. Either way, those who are born poor are in a highly disadvantaged situation to those who are rich. That is, in this world. With religion and the afterlife, all are on an equal playing field. In fact, the poor even have quite an advantage. It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God (Matthew 1924). This type of thinking has been fundamental for the stability of capitalism throughout history. No amount of earthly wealthcould ever compare to the golden paved streets of heaven and eternal bliss.Freuds critique of religion demonstrates the disturbing correlations between religion and civilization and shows us the true motives behind religions existence. Freud proves that religion was a product of the human necessity to protect itself from nature and the need that arose from there to stop our own instincts from destroying our creations. In conclusion, Freud disproved the claims of religious doctr ines as being divinely originated, but he did not disprove God. His belief that it was time for civilization to grow up from religion may be correct but it will never happen. Religion is far too embedded in civilization to ever be removed by simply showing the educate its true purpose.Like life on this planet, religion has adapted to whatever environment our 8000 year old civilization has placed it. Even if everyone knew religion to be nothing but an illusion, that knowledge alone would not be enough to make that illusion disappear from the psyche of humanity. People would have to have a conscious desire to not believe in religion for it to be eliminated. This desire to discover the lawfulness would be outweighed by the desire of a majority of humanity to rectify the inexplicable world of death and injustice to their own lives.

Saturday, April 13, 2019

Education in the United States Essay Example for Free

development in the United States EssayIndia has made long strides in educating its race of to a great extent than a billion hoi polloi, so far a sepa prescribe remains to be done. It is commonplace now that preparation is both intrinsically important and also instrumental for economic well-being, and this is true for individuals and entire nations. No commonwealth in the world has been satisfactory to develop without the spread of mass teaching method. An educated population is a prerequisite for take-off into high economic growth. gameboard 1 in the appendix shows literacy rate for India as a entirely and by sex. It also shows the decadal pass judgment of change from 1901 to the present.2 Literacy rates suck in increased for both males and females, and though the latter continues to lag hind end the former, there has been a narrowing of the male-female gap in literacy from 24. 8% in 1991 to 21. 7% in 2001. In 2001, the right-down number of illiterates declined historically for the first time by nearly 32 million. In basis of submit-wise performance, Kerala continues to occupy first rank as it has done historically on the other hand, densely be states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar atomic number 18 yet to overcome their rearingal inertia. 3The aver era figures for India as a whole hide a great deal of variation among states. dodge 2 in the appendix provides literacy rates for states for the years 1991 and 2001, for the population as a whole, by sex and also provides the decadal rate of change. In 2001, Kerala, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh had more than 75% of their population of 7+ years literate. On the other hand, even in 2001, less than fractional of Bihars population of seven years and above was literate with female literacy rate only 33. 6%. In terms of zones, states in the South and West outperform states in the North and East.2. Primary Education Primary education refers to the education of children between the ages 6-11 years (grades 1-5). Universalization of Primary Education (UPE) is a constitutional purvey in India and there has been a steady amplification in the spread of chief(a) education since Indian independence in 1947. The Indian educational system is the second largest in the world after China. In 2001-02, there were nearly 0. 66 million primary schools in India 1 This study has been undertaken as originate of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals Project.2 Before the 1991 census, only those belonging to the age-group 0-4 years were excluded from the population in order to compute literacy rates and the basis of the computation was the entire population. From the 1991 census onward, literacy rates were computed based on the population aged 7+ years and above. 3 In Bihar, Nagaland and Manipur as well as Delhi and Chandigarh, the absolute number of illiterates has increased in the 1990s. 4 providing access to 84% of habitations with a primary school located within a distance of one kilometer.Between 1997 and 2002, the gross primary school enrolment rate4 for India was 111 for males and 92 for females. The net primary school enrolment rate5 on the other hand was only 78 for males and 64 for females. The net primary school attendance rate between 1999 and 2002 was 79 for males and 73 for females. However, of the children who entered primary school, only 68% reached grade 5 between 1995 and 1999 (UNICEF, 2004). Table 3 provides data on gross primary school enrolments by sex between 1950-51 and 2001-2002.As can be seen from the table there has been a steady increase in the numbers of boys and girls attending primary school over time. In Table 4, state-wise enrolment of boys and girls as a percentage of their age-group is provided for 1997-1998. Girls enrolment has been steadily increasing over time and in 2001-02, nearly 45% of girls in the age-group 6-11 were enrolled in school. These statistics argon heartening because at least until the 1990s , one of the close dismal aspects of Indias education system was the large percentage of the population in the younger age groups that were out of school.Socio-economic disparities Despite the strong constitutional backing for the provision of primary education in India6 and its expansion over time, the system is characterized not only by pathetic achievements but also by large unevenness of achievements. Huge gaps remain between rural and urban atomic number 18as, and the probability of getting any education at all sharply depends on gender, caste and income. Women, scheduled castes and tribes and the poor are faced with terrible barriers when it comes to getting basic education. Of the 200 million children in the age group 6-14, it is estimated that 59 million are out of school.Of these 35 million are girls and 24 million are boys (Ministry of Human Development, GOI). Apart from socio-economic determinants, the educational infrastructure and the management and the governance o f the educational system in India are far from efficient or sufficient. The government is the largest provider of education in India with only about 10% of primary schools owned by the private sector. 7 The quality of education provided by the public education system is low which translates into low educational abilities even for those who are able to complete primary education cycle.Moreover, there is a lot of waste in the educational system with dropout rates as high as 40% for the country as a whole and in some Indian states, they are as high as 75%. Though the number of primary 4 Gross primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children enrolled in primary school regardless of age divided by the population of that age group. 5 Net primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children in that age group enrolled in primary school divided by the population of that age group. 6 In 2002, the Supreme Court of India decreed that free primary education was a constitutional right.7 Around 3% of private schools are aided by the government, which makes government intervention in the education sector even greater. 5 schools in the country increased, more than 1 lakh8 habitations still do not have access to a primary school within a distance of one kilometer. Teacher-pupil ratios are inadequate less than 2 teachers are available in rural areas to teach a furcate size of around 100 students. Teacher motivation and teaching incentives are also rattling weak. India peradventure has the highest rate of teacher truancy in the world. Poverty and Education.Empirical evidence strongly shows that, both at the level of the household as well as at the level of the country, there is a supreme relationship between income (and wealth) and educational attainment. More income simply means more resources available to spend on the acquisition of education. With more than 250 million people in India living on less than a $1 a day, poverty remains a major barrier to educational access. Although education is provided free by the government, the cost of uniforms, textbooks and transportation costs are beyond the reach of many households (Tilak, 2004).Added to these direct costs are the indirect (opportunity) costs of wage/domestic labor which children perform and the costs of acquiring education require considerable for households. Graphs 1 and 2 in the appendix show simple regressions of literacy rates for sixteen states against state poverty rates and state per capita income for 2001. As is expected, literacy rates decline with poverty and rise with per capita incomes. State per capita incomes take care to explain literacy rates better than poverty rates.Filmer and Pritchett (2001) using Demographic Health Survey data for India mother that the gap in enrolment between the highest and the final wealth class is as oft as 52 percentage points. Gupta (2003) using the 52nd round of National Sample Survey data finds that the percenta ge of people who have completed five years of schooling declines as one descends consumption deciles. In the lowest consumption decile, the proportion of people who have not completed the primary school cycle is greater than 80%. 9 While poverty status and income class are strong determinants of who goes to school and for how long, they do not make up the whole story.Indian states of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh even with fewer resources at their disposal have been able to achieve much better educational and health outcomes compared to rich states such as Punjab and Haryana in India. This is true even when we look at cross-country outcomes. For example, Sri Lanka and Botswana do much better in education and health terms than would be predicted based on their level of resources the Latin American countries do much worse given their resources (Mehrotra and Jolly, 1998). 8 One lakh is equal to 100,000. 9.These graphs are meant to be illustrative of the connexion between resources and e ducation and do not claim any direction of causality. The relationship between resources and educational attainment is bidirectional. The poor cannot afford schooling. With little human capital, the opportunities to escape persistent poverty are very restricted and the poor can be trapped in a low education, low income evil cycle across generations. A large literature has analyzed both theoretically and empirically patience of poverty inter-generationally due to lack of resources to invest in education.